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Treatment alternatives for varicose veins
Your physician will usually try methods that don’t involve surgery
first to relieve your symptoms. These may include preventive
techniques or the use of compression stockings. If your varicose
veins do not respond to this conservative therapy, more active
treatment may be required.
Fortunately, new minimally invasive techniques like endovenous
laser treatment now allow effective treatment of varicose veins with
no hospital stay, no scarring, minimal postoperative pain, and nearly
immediate relief from your symptoms.
Conservative Management (Stockings). Includes lifestyle changes
(exercise, weight loss, elevating legs, avoiding long periods of
standing/sitting), and for more severe cases, compression stockings.
Elastic stockings will squeeze your veins and attempt to stop excess
blood from flowing backwards. You may need to wear compression
stockings daily for the rest of your life.
Sclerotherapy. This procedure is the treatment of choice for spider
veins or smaller varicose veins. A physician will inject a chemical
directly into your vein, causing them to close. These veins will
eventually be absorbed by your body. Some stinging or itching at
the site of injection may occur.
Endovenous Ablation (e.g. Laser). These minimally invasive
procedures offer the latest advance in the treatment of varicose veins
and are quickly supplanting surgery as the ‘gold standard’. The
fastest growing of these are endovenous laser procedures which offer
superior results with minimal side effects. Advantages include:
Designed to be a 45-minute, office procedure
Uses only local anesthetic
High success rate (93-98%)
No scarring
No hospitalization
Lower risk of complications
Fast return to normal activities (normally 1-2 days)
Reimbursable by most health insurance plans
The physician will, using ultrasound, insert a very small catheter into the
affected vein (usually below the knee) and advance it up towards the
groin. An energy source, (e.g. laser fiber) is inserted through the catheter
and fired to cause damage to the internal vein wall, causing it to seal
down on itself. The closed vein will eventually be absorbed by the body.
A slightly older version of this technology exists, which uses electrically
generated heat delivered via electrodes to achieve a similar effect.
Patients are generally encouraged to walk immediately after the
procedure and able to resume normal activities (aside from heavy
lifting) the next day.
Surgery (Ligation & Stripping). Use of traditional surgery is
decreasing due to the effectiveness of minimally invasive procedures.
Surgery can be quite painful, has a long recovery time, and is
associated with recurrence rates of 10 to 25 percent. It is generally
performed in an operating room, often with general anesthesia, and
involves two large incisions at the groin and knee. The vein is tied
off, cut, and then stripped (from other attached tributaries) out of
the leg. Bruising and swelling often occur post-procedure and nerve
tissues surrounding the treated vein can be damaged, causing
numbness or burning around the surgical scar.
Side Effects & Complications
Minimally invasive procedures, may have some side effects,
including some slight bruising, which commonly disappear within
the first few weeks. With laser treatment, you will feel a delayed
tightness (or “pulling” sensation) 4-7 days after treatment which is
normal and expected following a successful treatment.
All surgical procedures involve some element of risk and have the
potential for complications. Potential complications include, but
are not limited to, vessel perforation, thrombosis, pulmonary
embolism, phlebitis, hematoma, ecchymosis, paresthesia, skin burn
and infection. Consult your physician for further information.
Don’t I need my superficial vein(s)?
Venous reflux (faulty valves) in the greater saphenous or other
superficial veins actually interferes with the normal venous return of
blood. Closing or removing these areas improves venous circulation
as blood is diverted to normal veins with functional valves. The
resulting improvement in venous circulation significantly relieves
symptoms and improves appearance.
Adjunctive treatments
To achieve optimal cosmetic outcomes, some physicians may
perform adjunctive treatments at the same time or following a
minimally invasive or surgical procedure.
Sclerotherapy – Used to address spider veins. Described above.
Micro-Phlebectomy (fluh-BEK-to-me). Your physician removes
smaller varicose veins through a series of small skin punctures.
Local anesthesia is used and scarring is minimal
1. Have you or anyone in your family
previously been diagnosed with
varicose veins or venous reflux?
2. Do you have varicose veins which exhibit
any of the following characteristics:
• Large, bulging veins on your legs
• Swollen, red, or warm to the touch
• Skin discoloration or texture changes
3. Are you experiencing any of the following
symptoms in your legs, ankles, or feet:
• Pain (an aching or cramping feeling)
• Heaviness/Tiredness
• Burning or tingling sensations
• Tender areas around the veins
• Sores or skin ulcers near ankle
• Swelling
4. Have you previously had skin ulcers on
the leg (or areas that were slow to heal)?
5. Have you previously attempted
conservative treatments without
success (e.g. exercise, weight loss,
elevating legs, avoiding long periods of
standing/sitting, compression
stockings)?
If you answered YES to any of the above questions, you may be a candidate for treatment.
Consult your physician to learn more and determine the right choice for you.